Table 1 Patient characteristics and univariate associations with hematoma expansion

 Age, years (mean ± SD)

68.2 ± 15.6

71.1 ± 14.0

66.9 ± 16.2

0.295

 Gender, male (%)

46 (65)

13 (62)

33 (66)

0.742

 Hypertension (%)

57 (80)

16 (76)

41 (82)

0.574

 Anticoagulation (%)

9 (13)

2 (10)

7 (14)

0.605

 Time to Baseline CT, hours

1.9 (1.3–4.6)

1.4 (1.2–1.9)

2.1 (1.4–6.4)

0.361

  <3 h n (%)

49 (69)

18 (86)

31 (62)

0.059

 NIHSS

10 (6–16)

11 (8–15)

10 (5–16)

0.751

 MABP, mmHg

146 (130–172)

150 (137–172)

144 (129–169)

0.773

 Hemoglobin, g/L

142 (131–150)

142 (117–150)

142 (135–149)

0.317

 Platelets, x10⁹/L

228 (180–286)

239 (181–297)

227 (175–268)

0.173

 WBC, x10⁹/L

8.1 (6.8–10.8)

7.5 (6.7–9.1)

8.6 (6.8–10.9)

0.257

 INR

1.03 (0.99–1.12)

1.06 (0.99–1.20)

1.02 (0.99–1.11)

0.243

 INR >1.5 (%)

6 (8)

4 (19)

2 (4)

0.057

 PTT (sec)

31 (28–34)

32 (28–36)

30 (28–33)

0.455

 Glucose (mmol/L)

7.1 (6.0–8.3)

7.0 (6.1–7.8)

7.1 (6.0–8.4)

0.529

 Baseline Hematoma Volume (cm³)

18.1 (5.3–37.6)

8.0 (4.3–42.9)

18.5 (6.2–36.3)

0.633

 ICH Location

0.211

 Deep (%)

36 (51)

13 (62)

23 (46)

--

 Lobar (%)

29 (41)

7 (33)

22 (44)

--

 Infratentorial (%)

6 (8)

1 (5)

5 (10)

--

 IVH presence (%)

36 (51)

10 (48)

26 (52)

0.736

 Swirl Sign (%)

33 (46)

14 (67)

19 (38)

0.031

 Heterogeneous Hematoma (%)

35 (49)

14 (67)

21 (42)

0.062

 Mean HU (mean ± SD)

55.1 ± 3.9

53.7 ± 3.7

55.7 ± 3.9

0.052

 SD (mean ± SD)

10.1 ± 1.5

9.4 ± 1.7

10.4 ± 1.4

0.029

 CV (mean ± SD)

0.182 ± 0.021

0.174 ± 0.024

0.185 ± 0.019

0.059

 Skewness (mean ± SD)

−0.23 ± 0.26

−0.18 ± 0.18

−0.24 ± 0.29

0.383

 Kurtosis (mean ± SD)

2.31 ± 0.37

2.30 ± 0.24

2.31 ± 0.41

0.952

 CTA spot sign presence (%)

26 (37)

12 (57)

14 (28)

0.023

 CTA spot sign number

0 (0–1)

1 (0–3)

0 (0–1)

0.009