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Table 1 Patient characteristics and univariate associations with hematoma expansion
| Variable | All patients | Hematoma expansion* | No hematoma expansion | p-value** |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 71) | (n = 21) | (n = 50) | ||
| Clinical Variables | ||||
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 68.2 ± 15.6 | 71.1 ± 14.0 | 66.9 ± 16.2 | 0.295 |
| Gender, male (%) | 46 (65) | 13 (62) | 33 (66) | 0.742 |
| Hypertension (%) | 57 (80) | 16 (76) | 41 (82) | 0.574 |
| Anticoagulation (%) | 9 (13) | 2 (10) | 7 (14) | 0.605 |
| Time to Baseline CT, hours | 1.9 (1.3–4.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.9) | 2.1 (1.4–6.4) | 0.361 |
| <3 h n (%) | 49 (69) | 18 (86) | 31 (62) | 0.059 |
| NIHSS | 10 (6–16) | 11 (8–15) | 10 (5–16) | 0.751 |
| MABP, mmHg | 146 (130–172) | 150 (137–172) | 144 (129–169) | 0.773 |
| Laboratory Values | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/L | 142 (131–150) | 142 (117–150) | 142 (135–149) | 0.317 |
| Platelets, x109/L | 228 (180–286) | 239 (181–297) | 227 (175–268) | 0.173 |
| WBC, x109/L | 8.1 (6.8–10.8) | 7.5 (6.7–9.1) | 8.6 (6.8–10.9) | 0.257 |
| INR | 1.03 (0.99–1.12) | 1.06 (0.99–1.20) | 1.02 (0.99–1.11) | 0.243 |
| INR >1.5 (%) | 6 (8) | 4 (19) | 2 (4) | 0.057 |
| PTT (sec) | 31 (28–34) | 32 (28–36) | 30 (28–33) | 0.455 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.1 (6.0–8.3) | 7.0 (6.1–7.8) | 7.1 (6.0–8.4) | 0.529 |
| Radiological Characteristics | ||||
| NCCT characteristics | ||||
| Baseline Hematoma Volume (cm3) | 18.1 (5.3–37.6) | 8.0 (4.3–42.9) | 18.5 (6.2–36.3) | 0.633 |
| ICH Location | 0.211 | |||
| Deep (%) | 36 (51) | 13 (62) | 23 (46) | -- |
| Lobar (%) | 29 (41) | 7 (33) | 22 (44) | -- |
| Infratentorial (%) | 6 (8) | 1 (5) | 5 (10) | -- |
| IVH presence (%) | 36 (51) | 10 (48) | 26 (52) | 0.736 |
| Swirl Sign (%) | 33 (46) | 14 (67) | 19 (38) | 0.031 |
| Heterogeneous Hematoma (%) | 35 (49) | 14 (67) | 21 (42) | 0.062 |
| Quantitative NCCT Densitometry Values | ||||
| Mean HU (mean ± SD) | 55.1 ± 3.9 | 53.7 ± 3.7 | 55.7 ± 3.9 | 0.052 |
| SD (mean ± SD) | 10.1 ± 1.5 | 9.4 ± 1.7 | 10.4 ± 1.4 | 0.029 |
| CV (mean ± SD) | 0.182 ± 0.021 | 0.174 ± 0.024 | 0.185 ± 0.019 | 0.059 |
| Skewness (mean ± SD) | −0.23 ± 0.26 | −0.18 ± 0.18 | −0.24 ± 0.29 | 0.383 |
| Kurtosis (mean ± SD) | 2.31 ± 0.37 | 2.30 ± 0.24 | 2.31 ± 0.41 | 0.952 |
| CTA variables | ||||
| CTA spot sign presence (%) | 26 (37) | 12 (57) | 14 (28) | 0.023 |
| CTA spot sign number | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–1) | 0.009 |
