Table 1 Study design
From: An historical and contemporary review of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke
Arms | Size | Era | Centres | Age Range | Clinical Criteria | Vessel occlusion | Time Window (onset to groin puncture) | CT Criteria | Advanced Imaging Criteria | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MR RESCUE | Rescue EVT v standard | 118 | 2004 - 2011 | North America – 22 sites | 18-85 yr | NIHSS 6- 29 | CTA/MRA showing persistent occlusion post IVT – ICA, M1 or M2 | <8 hr | None | Penumbra assessment with multimodal CT or MRI for stratification but not for trial eligibility |
IMS III | Bridging v IVT | 656 | Aug 2006 – Apr 2012 | 58 Centres (US, Canada, Australia, Europe) | 18-82 yr | NIHSS ≥10 | Not required at randomization | <5 hr | None | None |
Or NIHSS 8-9 with proven vessel occlusion (ICA, M1, BA) | ||||||||||
SYNTHESIS | EVT v IVT | 362 (181 v 181) | Feb 2008 – Apr 2012 | Italy – 24 centres | 18-80 yr | NIHSS >25 excluded | Not required at randomization | <4.5 hr | None | None |
PISTE | Bridging v IVT | 65 (33 v 32) | Apr 2013-Apr 2015 | 10 Centres (UK) | ≥18 yr | NIHSS ≥6 | I-ICA, M1, M2 Extra-cranial-ICA excluded | <5.5 hr | Evidence of extensive established infarction excluded | None |
THERAPY | Bridging v IVT | 108 (55 v 53) | Mar 2012 - Oct 2014 | 36 Centres (US and Germany) | 18-85 yr | NIHSS ≥8 | I-ICA, M1 | eligible for tPA (<4.5 hr) | Any acute ischemic changes >1/3 MCA excluded | clot length ≥8 mm |
MR CLEAN | EVT v standard | 500 (233 v 267) | Dec 2010-Mar 2014 | Netherlands - 16 centres | ≥18 yr | NIHSS ≥2 | I-ICA,M1,M2,A1,A2 Additional extra-cranial ICA or dissection at discretion of treating physician | <6 hr | None | None |
ESCAPE | EVT v standard | 315 (165 v 150) | Feb 2013-Oct 2014 | 22 Centres (Canada, US, Ireland, South Korea, Uk) | ≥18 yr | NIHSS >5 | I-ICA,M1, 2-M2s, A1 Additional extracranial ICA or dissection at discretion of treating physician | <12 hr | ASPECTS >5 | CTA filling >50% of MCA pial collaterals, CTP = vlCBF/CBV ASPECTS >5 |
EXTEND_IA | Bridging v IVT (Solitaire only) | 75 (35 v 35) | Aug 2012-Oct 2014 | 10 centres (9 Aus, 1 NZ) | ≥18 yr | No NIHSS cut-off | ICA, M1 or M2 dissection excluded | <6 hr | None | Target mismatch: mismatch >1.2, rCBF core <70 ml, 6 sec Tmax penumbra >10 ml |
SWIFT PRIME | Bridging v IVT (Solitaire only) | 196 (98 v 98) | Dec 2012-Nov 2014 | 39 centres (US and Europe) | 18-80 | NIHSS 8-29 | I-ICA, M1 Extra-cranial-ICA excluded (including dissection) | <6 hr | Revised small core (ASPECTS >5) | Initially target mismatch (core <50 ml, 10 sec Tmax lesion <100 ml, penumbra >15 ml and mismatch ≥1.8) |
REVASCAT | EVT v standard (Solitaire only) | 206 (103 v 103) | Nov 2012-Dec 2014 | 4 centres Spain (Catalonia) | 18-80 | NIHSS?>?5 | I-ICA,M1, | <8 hr | ASPECTS >6 (>5 on DWI) | No recanalization on CTA/MRA after ≥30 min from start of tPA infusion If CTA/MRA performed >4.5 hr from onset then CBV ASPECTS, CTA-SI ASPECTS or DWI-MR ASPECTS must be performed |
THRACE | Bridging v IVT | 412 (208 v 204) | June 2010-Feb 2015 | 26 centres France (Mothership only model) | 18-80 | NIHSS 10-25 | I-ICA, M1, upper 1/3 basilar artery, Ipsilateral E-ICA, stenosis/occlusion excluded | <5 hr | None | None |