Fig. 3From: Neurovascular 4DFlow MRI (Phase Contrast MRA): emerging clinical applicationsSource magnitude and phase slice taken from a 4D flow acquisition with velocity encoding as in Fig. 2. The subtraction of these phases results in images which are proportional to velocity. Post-processing tools generate a 4D velocity field which allows the extraction of features of the flow field such as wall shear stress, and flow rates, relative pressures and also enables visualization of complex velocity patternsBack to article page